三角高程测量中大气折光改正的教学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨长江  陈冲 《北京测绘》2008,(2):67-69

三角高程测量因大气折光影响而使精度受损。介绍从测定大气温度、压强入手,确定大气折射率、求出大气折光差角,从而消除大气折光对三角高程测量的影响的方法。  相似文献   

波动方程偏移成像阴影的照明补偿   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

陈生昌  马在田  Wu Ru-Shan 《地球物理学报》2007,50(3):844-850

受地下复杂构造和地震数据采集系统的影响，使地震波对地下目标的照明出现不均匀性，地震采集系统难以有效地获取地下某些目标的反射信息，进而使数据偏移成像在这些目标体上出现成像阴影. 根据波场和Green函数的窗口Fourier框架展开，利用角度域波动方程偏移成像和波动方程照明分析，并结合波动方程反演理论，提出一种角度域波动方程偏移成像阴影照明补偿方法. 这种补偿方法能同时考虑地震数据采集系统和波场传播路径对偏移成像的影响，消除复杂构造区的偏移成像阴影，改进波动方程叠前深度偏移成像在复杂构造区的成像效果.  相似文献   

The use of shredded waste tires to improve the geotechnical engineering properties of sands   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mousa F. Attom 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(4):497-503

A new geo-environmental approach was proposed to use waste tires in certain engineering applications and thereby reduce the potential impact on the environment. This paper presents a laboratory study on the effect of shredded tires on the physical properties of some sands. Shredded tires were passed through US sieve size 4 and mixed with three different types of sands with varying gradations. Each type of sand was mixed with four different percentages of shredded tires: 10, 20, 30 and 40% by dry weight. Direct shear tests were conducted to study the effect of the shredded tires on the shear strength properties of sands, such as angle of internal friction and shear strength. The addition of shredded waste tires increased both the angle of internal friction and the shear strength of the sands. Additionally, a prediction model was developed to calculate the shear strength of sand due to increasing shredded tire content. The shredded tires improved some engineering properties of sand.  相似文献   

经纬仪互瞄法在短边方位传递中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李广云  郭福生  相玉洪  孟凡玉 《测绘学院学报》1997,(4)

讨论了短边测角的主要误差来源和影响,提出了短边方位传递的测量方法。最后通过一个实例,说明互瞄法方位传递可以达到很高的精度。  相似文献   

Basaltic pyroclastic flows of Fuji volcano, Japan: characteristics of the deposits and their origin     

T. Yamamoto  A. Takada  Y. Ishizuka  N. Miyaji  Y. Tajima 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,67(7):622-633

Fuji volcano is the largest active volcano in Japan, and consists of Ko-Fuji and Shin-Fuji volcanoes. Although basaltic in composition, small-volume pyroclastic flows have been repeatedly generated during the Younger stage of Shin-Fuji volcano. Deposits of those pyroclastic flows have been identified along multiple drainage valleys on the western flanks between 1,300 and 2,000 m a.s.l., and have been stratigraphically divided into the Shin-Fuji Younger pyroclastic flows (SYP) 1 to 4. Downstream debris flow deposits are found which contain abundant material derived from the pyroclastic flow deposits. The new¹⁴C ages for SYP1 to SYP4 are 3.2, 3.0, 2.9, and 2.5 ka, respectively, and correspond to a period where explosive summit eruptions generated many scoria fall deposits mostly toward the east. The SYP1 to SYP4 deposits consist of two facies: the massive facies is about 2 m thick and contains basaltic bombs of less than 50 cm in size, scoria lapilli, and fresh lithic basalt fragments supported in an ash matrix; the surge facies is represented by beds 1 to 15 cm thick, consisting mainly of ash with minor amount of fine lapilli. The bombs and scoria are 15 to 30% in volume within the massive facies. The ashes within the SYP deposits consist largely of comminuted basalt lithics and crystals that are derived from the Middle-stage lava flows exposed at the western flanks. SYP1 to SYP4 were only dispersed down the western flanks. The reason for this one-sided distribution is the asymmetric topography of the edifice; the western slopes of the volcano are the steepest (over 34 degrees). Most pyroclastic materials cannot rest stably on the slopes steeper than 33 degrees. Therefore, ejecta from the explosive summit eruptions that fell on the steep slopes tumbled down the slopes and were remobilized as high-temperature granular flows. These flows consisted of large pyroclastics and moved as granular avalanches along the valley bottom. Furthermore, the avalanching flows increased in volume by abrasion from the edifice and generated abundant ashes by the collision of clasts. The large amount of the fine material was presumably available within the transport system as the basal avalanches propagated below the angle of repose. Taking the typical kinetic friction coefficient of small pyroclastic flows, such flows could descend the western flanks where scattered houses are below 1,000 m a.s.l. A similar type of pyroclastic flow could result if explosive summit eruptions occur in the future.Editorial responsibility: R Cioni  相似文献   

海藻多糖分子量及其分布测定Ⅱ——GPC/LALLS联机测定四种海藻多糖分子量分布     

范慧红  管华诗  周如真 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(Z1)

采用凝胶渗透色谱与激光小角光散射仪联机(GPC/LALLS)测定了青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所新研制的四种海藻多糖的分子量分布。分别得到四种海藻多糖的微分、积分分子量分布曲线图、分布宽度指数(D)和数量平均、重量平均和Z均分子量。  相似文献   

单程波角度域内压制多次波偏移假象          下载免费PDF全文

郑忆康  王一博  常旭  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2016,59(12):4584-4593

多次波偏移中的假象主要来自于不同地震事件之间的互相关,由于这种互相关满足成像条件,很难直接在偏移过程中去除.但是对于准确的速度模型,真实的成像结果在角度域内应该是平直的.根据这个判断准则,可以在角度域内移除多次波偏移中的假象.本文以数据自相关偏移为例,提出了在单程波多次波偏移中移除假象的主要流程:首先在在单程波偏移过程中高效地提取角度域共成像点道集,然后对角度域共成像点道集应用高分辨率的抛物线型Radon变换,用合适的切除函数处理后,反变换回到角度域,最后叠加各个角度成分,得到偏移结果.Marmousi模型的合成数据测试表明,这种方法可以很好地压制多次波偏移过程中产生的假象,有效地提高成像结果的信噪比.  相似文献   

Angle effects of vegetation indices and the influence on prediction of SPAD values in soybean and maize     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

To study the anisotropy of vegetation indices (VIs) and explore its influence on the retrieval accuracy of canopy soil-plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models of soybean and maize are calculated from the multi-angle hyperspectral images acquired by UAV, respectively. According to the reflectance extracted from the BRDF model, the dependences of 16 commonly-used VIs on observation angles are analyzed, and the SPAD values of maize and soybean canopy are predicted by using the 16 VI values at different observation angles and their combinations as input parameters. The results show that the 16 VIs have different sensitivity to angle in the principal plane: green ratio vegetation index (GRVI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), red edge chlorophyll index (CIRE), and modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index/optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (MCARI/OSAVI) are very sensitive to angles, among which MCARI/OSAVI of maize fluctuated the most (138.83 %); in contrast, the green optimal soil adjusted vegetation index (GOSAVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) hardly change with the observation angles. In terms of SPAD prediction, the accuracy of different VI is different, the mean absolute error (MAE) showed that MCARI1 provided the highest accuracy of retrieval for soybean (MAE=1.617), while for maize it was MCARI/OSAVI (MAE=2.422). However, when using the same VI, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the predicted results, whether the VI from different angles was used or the combination of multi-angles was used. The present results provide guiding significance and practical value for the retrieval of SPAD value in vegetation canopies and in-depth applications of multi-angular remote sensing.  相似文献   

Angle-domain common-image gathers in reverse-time migration by combining the Poynting vector with local-wavefield decomposition     

Wu Chengliang  Wang Huazhong  Zhou Yang  Hu Jiangtao 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(8):2035-2060

Angle-domain common-image gathers are an important tool in the post-processing of seismic images and for reservoir characterization. The generation of angle gathers is a very important issue when dealing with angle-domain images. Efficiency and robustness are the main concerns in the generation of angle gathers. In this paper, we propose two methods for producing angle gathers based on the implementation of a reverse-time migration. In the hybrid method, we adopt the local-plane-wave decomposition method to extract the local plane waves and obtain two possible opposite propagation directions in the time-wavenumber domain. Then, Poynting vectors are used to determine the correct propagation direction. The hybrid method achieves a satisfactory balance between robustness and computational efficiency. Furthermore, in the improved hybrid method, additional computational acceleration is obtained by separating the overlapping and non-overlapping wavefield areas. The hybrid method is only applied in these areas with overlapping wave fronts, and the Poynting-vector-based method is adopted in the other areas. The location of the overlapping events is determined using the eigenvalues of the structural tensor. Finally, the two-dimensional synthetic and field examples demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods.  相似文献   

单程波算子地震波入射角计算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张剑锋  张辉  刘礼农 《地球物理学报》2013,56(3):953-960

基于单程波深度延拓方法,发展了一种地震波入射角度计算方法.入射角度的计算仅利用简谐波场,可得到整个成像区域内所有点的入射波波前面方向.该方法具有较高的计算效率,可服务于合成角道集等深度偏移方法;与偏移算法相比,其计算量几乎可以忽略.与射线法或基于走时梯度的入射角度计算方法相比,本文方法更稳健,避免了速度场的微小变化导致的入射角较大变化,因此更适用于实际偏移速度模型,也与波动方程深度偏移方法更匹配.数值算例表明,本文方法既有较高的计算效率又有很好的精度,且有很好的稳定性.  相似文献